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Introduction
This Hindi dictionary contains 6615 Hindi words. There are
about 2500 modern Standard Hindi words in it from the first,
second, third and fourth semester Hindi language units I taught
at La Trobe University from 1997 to 2008. I intend to replace
these over the next year or so with the glossaries for the
Hindi modules I am now teaching at NUS in Singapore.
In addition I have now added around 4000 medieval Hindi words
from the songs of Raidas, also known as Ravidas, a medieval
Indian poet saint, more details about which are given below.
The entries on these words were originally part of my thesis,
but were never published and I have decided to make them available
here.You can now search by English or Hindi words, or type
of word, or source or lesson number, and even by derivation.
Notes:
You need to have a unicode Hindi font installed on your computer
to see the Hindi text.
Warning searching using no search term for all sources
will cause a time out error.
Modern Hindi Glossary: Peter Friedlander
This glossary is of around 2500 words which might be suitable
to be learned during first and second year Hindi. I am working
on providing etymologies (derivations) for the words as these
are often interesting in themselves, and a useful tool to
help in learning vocabulary. These are modeled on the kind
of format I used in my glossary for the vani of Raidas. I
hope to update this glossary later in 2008 with the derivations.
There are basically three sources of Hindi words. There are
words which are directly from Sanskrit which are called tatsama
words, these are indicated as Skt in the glossary. Then
there are words which are derived from the Sanskrit which
are called tadbhava words. The way these are indicated
is that their derivation is preceded by a number which refers
to an entry in a dictionary by Ralph Turner which tried to
trace all the words in Indo-Aryan languages derived from Sanskrit
(CDIAL, see below). There are also loan words from non-Indian
languages. The languages which the words are derived from
include Arabic (Ar.), Persion (Pers.), English (Eng.) and
Portuguese (Port.). There are also some Hindi words with no
apparent origin, these are sometimes called 'deshi' or 'deshaj'
('country words'), but are here indicated as simply Hindi
(H.). For further information on the formation of the vocabulary
of Hindi the introduction to McGregor's dictionary constitutes
probably the best available introduction to this topic.
In addition to the sources I used for the Raidas glossary
(see below) I also used for this glossary the following dictionaries.
Bahri, H. (1997), Dictionary of Official Language (Hindi-English),
Lokbharti Prakashan, Allahabad.
Chaturvedi, M. & Tiwari, B. (1996, third ed.), A Practical
Hindi-English Dictionary, National Publishing House: Delhi.
McGregor, R. (2006, orig.ed. 1993), The Oxford Hindi-English
Dictionary, Oxford University Press: Delhi.
The numbers in the glossary refer to units corresponding
to each semester of the first two years of study and then
to the lesson in each volume. Note that in Hindi 4 the source
articles are numbered, starting at 500, rather than being
given in the form of lesson number.
Glossary of the vani of Raidas: Peter
Friedlander
This glossary is of around 4000 words found in a critical
edition of the vani of Raidas which is based upon twelve manuscript
sources which date from AD 1582 to AD 1698. The manuscripts
come from four traditions. First, a non-sectarian tradition
represented by the Fatehpur MS of AD 1582. Second the Dadu
Panthi tradition, represented by eight MSS of AD 1636 to AD
1698. Third, a Rajasthani Nath Siddha tradition represented
by two MSS of AD 1660 and AD 1681, and fourth, the Panjabi
tradition as represented by the Adi Granth of AD 1603-4. For
more details see my published thesis below.
It was originally part of my 1991 PhD thesis, but was not
included in the published version, see:
Callewaert, W. M & Friedlander, P., 1992, The Life and
Works of Sant Raidas, Manohar: Delhi.
Table of abbreviations used in the glossaries
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Languages
Ar. Arabic
Braj. Brajbhasha
Guj. Gujarati
H. Hindi
K. Kashmiri
M. Marathi
P. Panjabi
Pers. Persian
Pkt Prakrit
Skt Sanskrit
Tur. Turkish
Port. Portuguese
Eng. English
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General
a. ablative
abs. absolutive
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
aux. auxiliary verb
caus. causative
cf. confer, compare
cj. conjunction
cntr. contraction
emph. emphatic
encl. enclitic
dim. diminutive
f. feminine
fut. future
ger. gerund
ind. indeclinable
intj. interjection
imp. imperative
la. locative absolute
neg. negative
nf. noun feminine
nm. noun masculine
num. number
m. masculine
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onom. onomatopoeic
p. plural
pass. passive
pd. plural direct
pl. plural locative
po. plural oblique
poss. possibly
pp. past participle
ppn. postposition
pr. pronoun
pre. prefix
prepn. preposition
pres. present
prob. probably
ptc. participle
q.v. quod vide
s. singular
sd. singular direct
sl. singular locative
so. singular oblique
suf. suffix
v. vocative
va. verbal agent
vc. verb causative
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Symbols
* hypothetical
< derived from
> has become
?? doubtful meaning or unknown etymology
F root
[ ] etymology
{ } approximate number of instances
Numerals
(in grammatical definitions)
1 first person
2 second person
3 third person
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Numerals after words in the Rajasthani glossary refer to
the pada and antara in which the word occurs in the Rajasthani
sequence for the padas, and in the AG glossary to the occurrence
of the word in the AG sequence.
Numerals prefixed by 'S' in the Rajasthani and AG glossaries
refer to words from the sakhis in the vani.
Numerals in the etymologies refer to head words in CDIAL
Principal sources
Molesworth, J.T. 1857. A Marathi Dictionary. Bombay.
Monier Williams, M. 1899. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. London.
Platts, J.T. 1884. A dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi,
and English. London.
Shackle, C. 1981. A Guru Nanak Glossary. London. [GNG]
Shyam Sundar Das. (ed) 1916-28. Hindi sabdasagar. Varanasi.
Turner, R.L. 1966, 1969, 1971, 1985. A Comparative Dictionary
of the Indo-Aryan Languages. London. [CDIAL]
Note on the conversion process
These glossaries were originally part of my PhD thesis and
were made during 1987-1991. They were created in Locoscript,
a word processor on the Amstrad PCW running on the CPM operating
system. They were later converted to the PC version of Locoscript.
This year (2007) I tried to open them but found that modern
PCs cannot install Locoscript. However, I accessed an old
PC running DOS and was able to export them from Locoscript
to Wordperfect 5.1 format. This was then imported into Word
for Windows.
In order to preserve the diacritic marks in the original
I converted them into codes like _a for a etc. Then in Word
I converted them back to diacritics.
The original work did not have Devanagari script in it. The
column in which the words are in Devanagari was created by
running the text through a macro I wrote to do a rough conversion
of the transliteration into Devanagari. I then edited that
to improve its accuracy.
It is inevitable that in this process some new errors may
have been introduced into the data. My apologies for any errors,
but I consider it is still more useful in this form than it
is as a PhD thesis sitting in London University library.
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